Ganesha is typically depicted with four arms, each holding a symbolic object. The goad (ankusha) in one hand represents the ability to propel individuals forward on their spiritual path and remove obstacles. The noose (pasha) symbolizes the restraint of material desires and the entanglement of barriers, guiding souls toward truth. The broken tusk, often held in his right hand, signifies sacrifice, the pursuit of wisdom, and the capacity to discard the evil while retaining the good. The modak, his favorite sweet, symbolizes the sweetness of spiritual knowledge, self-realization, and the bliss that comes from inner contentment. The lotus flower, sometimes associated with him, represents purity and beauty rising above the mud of worldly attachments.
His mount, the mouse (mushika), symbolizes the ego, greed, and desires that must be controlled; its small size contrasts with Ganesha’s power, illustrating that wisdom can conquer even the most persistent inner challenges. The snake (naga) around his waist or arm represents human emotions like fear and pride that must be subdued, a symbol also associated with his father, Shiva. The coconut, often offered to him, symbolizes the ego—hard and rough on the outside, soft and sweet within—representing the need to break one’s ego. The conch shell (shankha) he may hold is a call to action, summoning followers to prayer and marking the beginning of rituals. The swastika, a symbol of auspiciousness and good fortune, is also associated with Ganesha, signifying the non-straight path to one’s goals.
